Everything about Ronald Wilson totally explained
Sir Ronald Darling Wilson,
AC,
KBE,
CMG,
QC (
23 August,
1922-
15 July,
2005) was a distinguished
Australian lawyer, judge and social activist serving on the
High Court of Australia between
1979 and
1989 and as the President of the
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission between
1990 and
1997.
Wilson is probably best known as the author with
Mick Dodson of the
Bringing Them Home report into the
Stolen Generation published in
1997 which led to the creation of a "
National Sorry Day" and a walk for Reconciliation across the
Sydney Harbour Bridge in
2000 with 400,000 people participating. Wilson was also one of three judges sitting on the
WA Inc Royal Commission in the early 1990's which eventually led to former Premier
Brian Burke being jailed in March 1997.
Early life
Wilson was born in
Geraldton, in
Western Australia on
23 August,
1922. His early life was marked by sorrow and hardship. When he was four years old his mother died. At the age of seven his father suffered a stroke and spent the next five years in a hospice 300 miles from home. His older brother became a father figure to him and for years the family faced financial struggles. At the age of 14, these pressures forced Sir Ronald to leave school and he took his first job as a messenger with the Geraldton Local Court.
In
World War II, Wilson elected to join the
Royal Australian Air Force where he flew a
Spitfire in defence of
Britain.
Education
After World War II, Wilson enrolled in the
University of Western Australia finishing with a law degree in
1949. He later completed a Master of Laws degree at the
University of Pennsylvania in
1957.
Wilson was chancellor of
Murdoch University between
1980 and
1995. The "Ronald Wilson Prize in Law" was first awarded at that university in
1993. It is awarded to the graduate who best combines distinguished academic performance in Law units with qualities of character, leadership and all-round contribution to the life of the university.
Early legal career
Wilson was admitted as a
barrister and
solicitor in
1951. He had a rapid rise in his legal career, becoming
Crown Prosecutor for Western Australia in
1959, only eight years after starting work as a lawyer. In
1963, he was admitted as a
Queen's Counsel, the youngest ever in WA. As a prosecutor, Wilson earned the nickname of the "Avenging Angel".
In recent years, two men he'd prosecuted for murder have had their convictions overturned:
John Button, who was convicted in
1963 of the manslaughter of his girlfriend Rosemary Anderson and
Darryl Beamish, convicted of the
1959 murder of Jillian Brewer. Perth serial killer,
Eric Edgar Cooke, confessed to both offences before he was hanged for other murders, but wasn't believed by authorities.
The convictions of both men had caused concern in legal circles for some time. Professor of Jurisprudence
Peter Brett wrote a short book in
1966, arguing that the Beamish case was a "monstrous miscarriage of justice". Beamish served 16 years for murder and narrowly escaped the gallows. More recently, Perth journalist
Estelle Blackburn uncovered new evidence which was published in her book,
Broken Lives, and led to the overturning of the convictions of both Beamish and Button.
In
1969, Wilson became the
Solicitor-General of Western Australia. He served in that position for ten years working under both ALP and Liberal governments.
High Court Justice 1979-1989
The
Fraser Government appointed Wilson to the
High Court of Australia. He was the first member of the High Court from Western Australia. Wilson adopted a federalist position on the court.
In the
Koowarta v Bjelke-Petersen case decided in
1982, Wilson was in the minority in holding that the external affairs power in the
Australian constitution applied only to relationships outside Australia. The majority of the High Court found that the treaty need only apply to issues of clear international concern. The majority held the Federal Parliament had the power to pass the
Racial Discrimination Act 1975 as a result of Australia being a signatory to the
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.
In
Commonwealth v Tasmania decided in
1983, the external affairs power was again the central issue. The new
Hawke Government had used the external affairs power as the basis for passing legislation preventing the Tasmanian Government from building a hydro-electric dam on the
Franklin River. Wilson considered that the external affairs power didn't give the Federal Parliament authority to pass such legislation as it could obtain power to pass any form of legislation it wished by simply entering into a treaty with another power. Chief Justice
Harry Gibbs and
Daryl Dawson were the other judges joining Wilson in the dissenting judgement.
Wilson retired from the High Court in
1989.
Commissioner 1990-1997
The Hawke Government appointed Wilson as the President of the
Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission in
1990.
Wilson and
Mick Dodson, the
Aboriginal Social Justice Commissioner, jointly lead the National Inquiry into the forced removal of Aboriginal children from their families and communities.
Wilson and Dodson visited every state in Australia over the 17-month duration of the Inquiry and heard testimony from 535 aboriginals with 600 more making submissions. Wilson wrote after the completion of the report: "In chairing the National Inquiry (...) I'd to relate to hundreds of stories of personal devastation, pain and loss. It was a life-changing experience."
The Inquiry produced a report called
Bringing Them Home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families which was tabled in Federal Parliament. It found that Australia was in breach of international law, called for a national compensation fund and recommended a national "sorry day."
The report was welcomed by Aboriginal Australians but widely criticised by conservatives. Anthropologist
Ron Brunton said the claims of genocide were an "embellishment." Prime Minister
John Howard refused to issue an apology instead stating his regret. The Parliaments of NSW, Victoria and South Australia have passed motions apologising for the treatment as has the Northern Territory parliament. The first
National Sorry Day was held in
1998 and attracted widespread participation while in
2000, 400,000 people walked across the
Sydney Harbour Bridge in support of reconciliation.
Carmen Lawrence appointed Wilson as one of the three eminent jurists conducting the W.A. Inc Royal Commission. The Royal Commission was chaired by
Geoffrey Kennedy and the third member was
Peter Brinsden. In its
1992 report, the Royal Commission said "The commission has found conduct and practices on the part of certain persons involved in government in the period 1983 to 1989 such as to place our government system at risk." It was particularly critical of the behaviour of former Premier
Brian Burke who was subsequently convicted for two years on charges of fraudulent behavior in 1994.
Church and social leadership
Throughout his life, Wilson was an active participant in first the
Presbyterian Church of Australia and then the
Uniting Church, formed after the union of many congregations of the Presbyterian Church of Australia,
Methodist Church of Australasia and
Congregational Union of Australia into one
denomination. He held a range of senior positions in the Church including:
Wilson was the first layperson to be the President of the Assembly of the Uniting Church in Australia. He was particularly concerned with encouraging the broad Australian community to gain an understanding of
Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history.
In retirement, he travelled widely to Aboriginal and church events, and was an active member of a
refugee education scheme near his home.
Honours
Throughout his life, Wilson was honored for his contribution to Australian society. In
1978 he was made a Companion of the
Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) for services to the community.
In
1979 he was made Knight Commander of the
Order of the British Empire (KBE) for services to the law. In
1988 Sir Ronald was made Companion in the General Division of the
Order of Australia (AC) for services to the law.
Family
Sir Ronald married Leila Smith in April 1950. They had five children and nine grandchildren.
Reports
National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families, Bringing Them Home: Report of the National Inquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders from their Families, Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission Sydney 1997 ISBN 0-642-26954-8
Royal Commission into Commercial Activities of Government and Other Matters, Report of the Royal Commission into Commercial Activities of Government and Other Matters WA Government Printer Perth Western Australia 1992 2 volumes commonly known as the W.A. Inc Royal CommissionFurther Information
Get more info on 'Ronald Wilson'.
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